Causes of Parkinson's Disease

 Mutations in certain genes, such as SNCA, LRRK2, and PARK2, have been identified as risk factors for Parkinson's Disease. However, these mutations are relatively rare and account for a small percentage of cases. In most cases, Parkinson's is not directly inherited but may have a genetic component that increases susceptibility.

Exposure to certain environmental factors and toxins may contribute to the development of Parkinson's Disease. These include pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals (such as lead and manganese), industrial chemicals, and well water contaminants. However, the specific role of these factors and their interactions with genetic susceptibility require further research.

Parkinson's Disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in controlling movement and coordination. The exact reasons for this dopamine deficiency and cell loss are still under investigation, but it is a central feature of the disease.

Lewy bodies are abnormal protein aggregates that accumulate in brain cells of individuals with Parkinson's Disease. These aggregates mainly consist of a protein called alpha-synuclein. The presence of Lewy bodies in the brain is a hallmark of Parkinson's, but the exact mechanisms of their formation and their role in the disease are still being studied.

Advancing age is the most significant risk factor for Parkinson's Disease. While the disease can occur at any age, the risk increases with age, and the majority of cases are diagnosed in individuals over 60 years old.